City-State and Empire: The Roman Republic
Italy and Its People
- Italy started to grow and become stronger when tribes started moving in with them
- Little tribes were formed in Italy
- The Latins settled near Tiber River
- Eventually Rome was formed by the Latin tribes
- The Etruscans- non-Indo-European immigrants who came to Italy around the ninth century from the east
- North of Rome the Etruscans gained control of the territory
- For a time the Etruscan king conquered and ruled Rome
- This is where Rome adopted things like gladiatorial combat
- The Romans created their own political system
- Rome's government used to be modeled after the Etruscan's government
- A senate would advise the king
- The Senate was made of patricians
- Patricians- upper-class citizens who belonged to the oldest and noblest Roman families
- When a king died, a successor came from the Senate
- Around 500 B.C., the Etruscan ways were overthrown
- A republic government took over
- Republic- in reference to ancient Rome, the system of city-state government in which decision-making power was shared between the Senate and assemblies of male citizens
- The republic took on neither a Greek-style democracy nor an oligarchy, but an even mixture of both
- Plebians- The Roman common people, including workers, small farmers, and wealthy people who were not patricians
- It had to be hereditary to belong in the Patrician society
- In the early times of the Republic, it was run by a Senate
- In the senate their were consuls, two senators who led the government and military for one-year terms and appointed their own successors
- the point of them was to avoid the government transitioning into a monarchy
- In times of emergency the Senate could appoint a dictator, a single leader with full decision-making powers, appointed for a maximum six-months term during times of emergency.
- mixed oligarchic and democratic features
- widely admired
- ultimate leadership always was in the hands of the Senate
Things to know...
- The Romans not only imitated Greek civilization but they improved it.
- Italy was located in the Mediterranean sea, which is the "middle of the earth" so they were known as a very important country.
- The Latins, Etruscans, and the Greeks came to Italy.
- Our language came from the Latins.
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